Project Britain

What is Diwali?

Diwali, also known as the “Festival of Lights,” is one of the most important and joyous festivals celebrated by millions of Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and some Buddhists around the world. It is a five-day festival that symbolises the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance. In Britain, Diwali is a vibrant and much-loved celebration that brings communities together, adding to the rich tapestry of British culture.

The word “Diwali” comes from the Sanskrit word “Deepavali,” which means “rows of lighted lamps.” These lamps, traditionally small clay oil lamps called diyas, are a central part of the celebrations, lighting up homes, streets, and public spaces across the country.

The Stories Behind the Lights

Diwali is celebrated for different reasons by various communities, but the core message of victory and new beginnings remains the same. Here are some of the main stories:

• For Hindus: The most widely known story celebrates the return of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshmana to their kingdom of Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. People lit rows of oil lamps to guide them home and celebrate their victory over the demon king Ravana. This story teaches us about justice and the return of rightful rule.
• For Sikhs: Diwali is celebrated as Bandi Chhor Divas, which means “Day of Liberation.” It commemorates the day in 1619 when the Sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind, was released from prison by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. He also managed to secure the release of 52 Hindu princes who were imprisoned with him. Sikhs light lamps and candles to remember this act of freedom.
• For Jains: For Jains, Diwali marks the attainment of moksha (nirvana or spiritual liberation) by Lord Mahavira, the last of the 24 Tirthankaras, in 527 BCE. Jains celebrate this day by lighting lamps and meditating.

Celebrating Diwali in Britain

In Britain, Diwali is a spectacular event, especially in cities with large South Asian populations like Leicester, London, Birmingham, and Manchester. The celebrations often last for several days, filled with colour, light, and delicious food.

Preparations: Before Diwali begins, homes are thoroughly cleaned, decluttered, and decorated. People believe that a clean home welcomes the goddess Lakshmi, who brings wealth and prosperity. Houses are adorned with colourful lights, beautiful patterns called rangoli (made from coloured powders or flower petals), and rows of diyas.

Family and Feasting: Family is at the heart of Diwali. People visit relatives and friends, exchanging gifts and sweets known as ‘mithai’. These sweets are often made from milk, sugar, and nuts, and can be very colourful and decorative. Feasts are prepared, featuring a wide variety of traditional dishes.

Prayers (Pujas): Many families perform special prayers, or ‘pujas’, to Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, and Ganesha, the remover of obstacles. These prayers are often accompanied by offerings of food, flowers, and incense.

Fireworks and Community Events: As evening falls, the skies above British towns and cities light up with dazzling firework displays. These fireworks symbolise the celebration of victory and joy. Many communities organise public events, including cultural shows, music, dance, and large-scale firework displays, allowing everyone to share in the festive spirit.

Leicester, for example, is famous for its Diwali celebrations, often described as some of the biggest outside of India. Thousands of people gather for the annual switch-on of the Diwali lights, transforming the city’s Golden Mile into a magical spectacle.

The Meaning of Diwali

Beyond the lights and celebrations, Diwali carries deep meanings that resonate with people of all backgrounds. It is a time for:

• New Beginnings: Many people use Diwali as an opportunity to start afresh, make new resolutions, and forgive past wrongs.
• Hope and Optimism: The festival reminds us that even in the darkest times, there is always hope for light and goodness to prevail.
• Community and Togetherness: Diwali brings families, friends, and communities closer, fostering a sense of unity and shared joy.
• Gratitude: It’s a time to be thankful for blessings and to share prosperity with others.

Diwali at a Glance

Here are some quick facts about Diwali:

Diwali in British Culture

Diwali has become a significant part of Britain’s diverse cultural landscape. It is not just celebrated by those from South Asian backgrounds but is increasingly recognised and enjoyed by people from all walks of life. Schools often teach children about Diwali, and public services sometimes acknowledge the festival. This shows how Britain embraces and celebrates the traditions of its many communities, making the country a richer and more colourful place for everyone.

Author: Mandy Barrow

Written by Mandy Barrow